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| uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 1 of 23 for full details go to www.murata-ps.com/rohs www.murata-ps.com www.murata-ps.com f1 external dc power source reference and error ampli?er t 4 x j u d i j o h t ' j m u f s t t $ v s s f o u 4 f o t f -vout (5) +vout (3) trim (4) on/off control (6) -vin (2) open = on $ m p t f e 0 g g +vin (1) 1 p t j u j w f polarity) controller and power 5 s b o t g f s * t p m b u j p o barrier typical topology is shown. murata power solutions recommends an external fuse. typical unit product overview featuring a full 25 watt output in one square inch of board area, the uei25 series isolated dc/dc converter family offers ef? cient regulated dc power for printed circuit board mounting. the 0.96" x 1.1" x 0.32" (24.4 x 27.9 x 8.1 mm) converter accepts a 2:1 input voltage range of 36 to 75 volts dc, ideal for telecom equipment. the industry-standard pin- out ? ts larger 1" x 2" converters. the ? xed output voltage is tightly regulated. applications include small instruments, area-limited microcontrollers, data communications equipment, remote sensor systems, telephone equipment, vehicle and portable electronics. the uei25 series includes full magnetic and optical isolation with basic protection up to 2250 volts dc. for powering digital systems, the outputs offer fast settling to step transients and will accept higher capacitive loads. excellent ripple and noise speci? cations assure compatibility to noise-sus- ceptible circuits. for systems requiring controlled startup/shutdown, an external remote on/off control may use a switch, transistor or digital logic. a wealth of self-protection features avoid both converter and external circuit faults. these include input undervoltage lockout and overtemperature shutdown. the outputs current limit using the hiccup autorestart technique and the outputs are short-circuit protected. additional features include output overvoltage and reverse conduction elimina- tion. the high ef? ciency offers minimal heat buildup and no fan operation. figure 1. connection diagram features cost effective small footprint dc/dc converter, ideal for high current applications industr y standard 0.96" x 1.1" x 0.32" open frame package and pinout input voltage range of 36-75 vdc 3.3v, 5v, or 12vdc ? xed output voltages isolation up to 2250 vdc (basic) up to 25 watts total output power with e xten- sive self-protection shutdo wn features high ef? ciency synchronous recti? er forward topology up to 91% stable opera tion with no required external components usable -40 to 85c temperature range (with derating) certi? ed to ul 60950-1, can/csa- c22.2 no. 60950-1, iec60950-1, en60950-1 safety approvals, 2nd edition output (v) current (a) nominal input (v) 3.3 7.5 48 5548 12 2.1 48 $
uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 2 of 23 www.murata-ps.com part number structure performance specifications summary and ordering guide ? ? root models ? output input ef? ciency package, c75 v out (v) i out (a, max) total power (w) r/n (mvp-p) regulation (max.) v in nom. (v) range (v) i in , min. load (ma) i in , full load (a) typ. ? max. line load min. typ. case (inches) case (mm) pinout UEI25-033-D48 ? 3.3 7.5 25 50 80 0.1% 0.2% 48 36-75 75 0.58 87.0% 89.5% 0.96x1.1x0.32 24.4x27.9x8.1 p85 uei25-050-d48 5 5 25 50 80 0.1% 0.2% 48 36-75 30 0.57 89.0% 91% 0.96x1.1x0.32 24.4x27.9x8.1 p85 uei25-120-d48 12 2.1 25.2 95 120 0.1% 0.1% 48 36-75 20 0.6 86.0% 87.5% 0.96x1.1x0.32 24.4x27.9x8.1 p85 nominal output voltage in tenths of a volt unipolar output isolated 25-watt series uei25 - d48 - 033 - c rohs-6 hazardous substance compliance (does not claim eu rohs exemption 7b, lead in solder) input voltage range d48 = 36-75 vdc note: some model number combinations may not be available. contact murata power solutions. m p on/off control polarity: p = positive n = negative notes: ? please refer to the part number structure for additional options and complete order- ing part numbers. ? ripple and noise is shown at 20 mhz bandwidth. ? all speci? cations are at nominal line voltage and full load, +25 c. unless otherwise noted. see detailed speci? cations for full conditions. output capacitors are 1 f ceramic in parallel with 10 f electrolytic. the input cap is 4.7 f ceramic, low esr. i/o caps are necessary for our test equipment and may not be needed for your ap- plication. ? minimum load is 10% for rated speci? cations. lx pin length option (through-hole only) blank = std. pin length 0.25? (6.3mm) l1 = 0.110? (2.79mm)* l2 = 0.145? (3.68mm)* *alternate pin lengths may require quantity order. surface mount option blank = through-hole mount m = surface mount (msl rating 2) uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 3 of 23 www.murata-ps.com functional specifications C model UEI25-033-D48 absolute maximum ratings conditions ? minimum typical/nominal maximum units input voltage, continuous full power operation 0 80 vdc input voltage, transient operating or non-operating, 100 ms max. duration 0 100 vdc isolation voltage input to output tested 100 ms 2250 vdc input reverse polarity none, install external fuse none vdc on/off remote control power on or off, referred to -vin 0 15 vdc output power 0 25.25 w output current current-limited, no damage, short-circuit protected 0 7.5 a storage temperature range vin = zero (no power) -55 125 ?c absolute maximums are stress ratings. exposure of devices to greater than any of these conditions may adversely affect long-ter m reliability. proper operation under conditions other than those listed in the performance/functional speci? cations table is not implied or recommended. input operating voltage range 36 48 75 vdc recommended external fuse fast blow 1.5 a start-up threshold rising input voltage 34 35.2 36 vdc undervoltage shutdown falling input voltage 32 34.0 35.2 vdc overvoltage shutdown none vdc reverse polarity protection none, install external fuse none vdc internal filter type lc input current full load conditions vin = nominal 0.58 0.60 a low line vin = minimum 0.79 0.81 a inrush transient 0.05 a2-sec. output in short circuit 50 100 ma no load iout = minimum, unit=on 75 100 ma standby mode (off, uv, ot) 12ma re? ected (back) ripple current ? measured at input with speci? ed ? lter 30 ma, rms pre-biased startup external output voltage < vset monotonic general and safety ef? ciency vin=48v, full load 87 89.5 % vin=36v, full load 86.5 87.5 % isolation isolation voltage input to output, continuous 2250 vdc insulation safety rating basic isolation resistance 10 mohm isolation capacitance 1000 pf safety certi? ed to ul-60950-1, csa-c22.2 no.60950-1, iec/en60950-1, 2nd edition yes calculated mtbf per mil-hdbk-217f, ground benign, tambient=+30?c tbd hours x 10 6 calculated mtbf per telcordia sr332, issue 1, class 3, ground ? xed, tambient=+40c 2 hours x 10 6 dynamic characteristics fixed switching frequency 300 330 360 khz startup time power on to vout regulated 50 ms startup time remote on to vout regulated 50 ms dynamic load response 50-75-50% load step, settling time to within 2% of vout 180 250 sec dynamic load di/dt 2 a/sec dynamic load peak deviation same as above 30 100 mv features and options remote on/off control ? "n" suf? x negative logic, on state on = ground pin or external voltage -0.7 1.2 v negative logic, off state off = pin open or external voltage 10 15 v control current 1ma "p" suf? x positive logic, on state on = pin open or external voltage 10 15 v positive logic, off state off = ground pin or external voltage -0.7 1.2 v control current 1ma uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 4 of 23 www.murata-ps.com output conditions ? ? minimum typical/nominal maximum units total output power see derating 0.0 25.0 25.25 w voltage nominal output voltage no trim 3.267 3.30 3.333 vdc setting accuracy at 50% load -1 +1 % of vset. output voltage range user-adjustable -10 +10 % of vnom. overvoltage protection via magnetic feedback 4.2 5 5.7 vdc current output current range 0.7575 7.575 7.575 a minimum load ? 10% minimum load % of iout current limit inception 98% of vnom., after warmup 8.5 10 11 a short circuit short circuit current hiccup technique, autorecovery 0.3 a short circuit duration (remove short for recovery) output shorted to ground, no damage continuous short circuit protection method current limiting regulation ? line regulation vin=min. to max., vout=nom., 50% load 0.1 % of vout load regulation iout=min. to max., vin=48v 0.2 % of vout ripple and noise 5 hz- 20 mhz bw 50 80 mv pk-pk temperature coef? cient at all outputs 0.02 % of vnom./c maximum capacitive loading (10% ceramic, 90% oscon) cap. esr=<0.02, full resistive load 0 2000 f mechanical (through hole models) conditions ? minimum typical/nominal maximum units outline dimensions (no baseplate) c75 case 0.9x1.1x0.32 inches (please refer to outline drawing) wxlxh 22.86x27.9x8.1 mm weight 0.32 ounces 9.07 grams through hole pin diameter 0.04 inches 1.016 mm through hole pin material copper alloy th pin plating metal and thickness nickel subplate 50 -inches gold overplate 5 -inches environmental operating ambient temperature range with derating, 200 lfm -40 85 c no derating, 200 lfm -40 70 c storage temperature vin = zero (no power) -55 125 c thermal protection/shutdown measured in center 110 115 120 c electromagnetic interference external ? lter is required conducted, en55022/cispr22 b class radiated, en55022/cispr22 b class relative humidity, non-condensing to +85c 10 90 %rh altitude must derate -1%/1000 feet -500 10,000 feet -152 3048 meters rohs rating rohs-6 functional specifications (cont.) C model UEI25-033-D48 notes ? unless otherwise noted, all speci? cations are at nominal input voltage, nominal out- put voltage and full load. general conditions are +25? celsius ambient temperature, near sea level altitude, natural convection air? ow. all models are tested and speci? ed with external parallel 1 f and 10 f multi-layer ceramic output capacitors. the ex- ternal input capacitor is 4.7 f ceramic. all capacitors are low-esr types wired close to the converter. these capacitors are necessary for our test equipment and may not be needed in the user's application. ? input (back) ripple current is tested and speci? ed over 5 hz to 20 mhz bandwidth. input ? ltering is cbus=220 f, cin=33 f and lbus=12 h. ? all models are stable and regulate to speci? cation under minimum (10%) load. operation under no load will not damage the converter but may increase regulation, output ripple, and noise. ? the remote on/off control is referred to -vin. ? regulation speci? cations describe the output voltage changes as the line voltage or load current is varied from its nominal or midpoint value to either extreme. uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 5 of 23 www.murata-ps.com functional specifications C model uei25-050-d48 absolute maximum ratings conditions ? minimum typical/nominal maximum units input voltage, continuous full power operation 0 80 vdc input voltage, transient operating or non-operating, 100 ms max. duration 0 100 vdc isolation voltage input to output tested 100 ms 2250 vdc input reverse polarity none, install external fuse none vdc on/off remote control power on or off, referred to -vin 0 15 vdc output power 0 25.25 w output current current-limited, no damage, short-circuit protected 0 5 a storage temperature range vin = zero (no power) -55 125 ?c absolute maximums are stress ratings. exposure of devices to greater than any of these conditions may adversely affect long-ter m reliability. proper operation under conditions other than those listed in the performance/functional speci? cations table is not implied or recommended. input operating voltage range 36 48 75 vdc recommended external fuse fast blow 1.5 a start-up threshold rising input voltage 34 35 36 vdc undervoltage shutdown falling input voltage 32 33.5 34.5 vdc overvoltage shutdown none vdc reverse polarity protection none, install external fuse none vdc internal filter type lc input current full load conditions vin = nominal 0.57 0.59 a low line vin = minimum 0.76 0.79 a inrush transient 0.05 a2-sec. output in short circuit 50 100 ma no load iout = minimum, unit=on 30 50 ma standby mode (off, uv, ot) 13ma re? ected (back) ripple current ? measured at input with speci? ed ? lter 30 ma, rms pre-biased startup external output voltage < vset monotonic general and safety ef? ciency vin=48v, full load 89 91 % vin=36v, full load 89 91 % isolation isolation voltage input to output, continuous 2250 vdc insulation safety rating basic isolation resistance 10 mohm isolation capacitance 2000 pf safety certi? ed to ul-60950-1, csa-c22.2 no.60950-1, iec/en60950-1, 2nd edition yes calculated mtbf per mil-hdbk-217f, ground benign, tambient=+30?c tbd hours x 10 6 calculated mtbf per telcordia sr332, issue 1, class 3, ground ? xed, tambient=+40c 2 hours x 10 6 dynamic characteristics fixed switching frequency 300 330 360 khz startup time power on to vout regulated 50 ms startup time remote on to vout regulated 50 ms dynamic load response 50-75-50% load step, settling time to within 2% of vout 200 sec dynamic load di/dt 2 a/sec dynamic load peak deviation same as above 150 mv features and options remote on/off control ? "n" suf? x negative logic, on state on = ground pin or external voltage -0.7 0.7 v negative logic, off state off = pin open or external voltage 10 15 v control current 1ma "p" suf? x positive logic, on state on = pin open or external voltage 10 15 v positive logic, off state off = ground pin or external voltage -0.7 0.8 v control current 1ma uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 6 of 23 www.murata-ps.com output conditions ? ? minimum typical/nominal maximum units total output power see derating 0.0 25.0 25.25 w voltage nominal output voltage no trim 4.95 5.00 5.05 vdc setting accuracy at 50% load -1 +1 % of vset. output voltage range user-adjustable -10 +10 % of vnom. overvoltage protection via magnetic feedback 6 6.5 7.5 vdc current output current range 0 5.0 5.0 a minimum load ? no minimum load % of iout current limit inception 98% of vnom., after warmup 5.3 6.8 7.3 a short circuit short circuit current hiccup technique, autorecovery 0.3 a short circuit duration (remove short for recovery) output shorted to ground, no damage continuous short circuit protection method current limiting regulation ? line regulation vin=min. to max., vout=nom., 50% load 0.1 % of vout load regulation iout=min. to max., vin=48v 0.2 % of vout ripple and noise 5 hz- 20 mhz bw 50 80 mv pk-pk temperature coef? cient at all outputs 0.02 % of vnom./c maximum capacitive loading (10% ceramic, 90% oscon) cap. esr=<0.02, full resistive load 0 2000 f mechanical (through hole models) conditions ? minimum typical/nominal maximum units outline dimensions (no baseplate) c75 case 0.96x1.1x0.32 inches (please refer to outline drawing) wxlxh 24.4x27.9x8.1 mm weight 0.32 ounces 9.07 grams through hole pin diameter 0.04 inches 1.016 mm through hole pin material copper alloy th pin plating metal and thickness nickel subplate 50 -inches gold overplate 5 -inches environmental operating ambient temperature range with derating, 200 lfm -40 85 c no derating, 200 lfm, full power -40 82 c operating case temperature range no derating -40 105 c storage temperature vin = zero (no power) -55 125 c thermal protection/shutdown measured in center 110 115 120 c electromagnetic interference external ? lter is required conducted, en55022/cispr22 b class radiated, en55022/cispr22 b class relative humidity, non-condensing to +85c 10 90 %rh altitude must derate -1%/1000 feet -500 10,000 feet -152 3048 meters rohs rating rohs-6 functional specifications (cont.) C model uei25-050-d48 notes ? unless otherwise noted, all speci? cations are at nominal input voltage, nominal out- put voltage and full load. general conditions are +25? celsius ambient temperature, near sea level altitude, natural convection air? ow. all models are tested and speci? ed with external parallel 1 f and 10 f multi-layer ceramic output capacitors. the ex- ternal input capacitor is 4.7 f ceramic. all capacitors are low-esr types wired close to the converter. these capacitors are necessary for our test equipment and may not be needed in the user's application. ? input (back) ripple current is tested and speci? ed over 5 hz to 20 mhz bandwidth. input ? ltering is cbus=220 f, cin=33 f and lbus=12 h. ? all models are stable and regulate to speci? cation under no load. ? the remote on/off control is referred to -vin. ? regulation speci? cations describe the output voltage changes as the line voltage or load current is varied from its nominal or midpoint value to either extreme. uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 7 of 23 www.murata-ps.com functional specifications C model uei25-120-d48 absolute maximum ratings conditions ? minimum typical/nominal maximum units input voltage, continuous full power operation 0 80 vdc input voltage, transient operating or non-operating, 100 ms max. duration 0 100 vdc isolation voltage input to output tested 100 ms 2250 vdc input reverse polarity none, install external fuse none vdc on/off remote control power on or off, referred to -vin 0 15 vdc output power 025w output current current-limited, no damage, short-circuit protected 0 2.1 a storage temperature range vin = zero (no power) -55 125 ?c absolute maximums are stress ratings. exposure of devices to greater than any of these conditions may adversely affect long-ter m reliability. proper operation under conditions other than those listed in the performance/functional speci? cations table is not implied or recommended. input operating voltage range 36 48 75 vdc recommended external fuse fast blow 1.5 a start-up threshold rising input voltage 34 35.2 36 vdc undervoltage shutdown falling input voltage 32 34.0 35.2 vdc overvoltage shutdown none vdc reverse polarity protection none, install external fuse none vdc internal filter type capacitive input current full load conditions vin = nominal 0.600 0.617 a low line vin = minimum 0.809 0.842 a inrush transient 0.05 a2-sec. output in short circuit 50 100 ma no load iout = minimum, unit=on 20 35 ma standby mode (off, uv, ot) 12ma re? ected (back) ripple current ? measured at input with speci? ed ? lter 30 ma, rms pre-biased startup external output voltage < vset monotonic general and safety ef? ciency vin=48v, full load 86.0 87.5 % isolation isolation voltage input to output, continuous 2250 vdc insulation safety rating basic isolation resistance 10 mohm isolation capacitance 1700 pf safety certi? ed to ul-60950-1, csa-c22.2 no.60950- 1, iec/en60950-1 yes calculated mtbf per mil-hdbk-217f, ground benign, tambient=+30?c tbd hours x 10 6 calculated mtbf per telcordia sr332, issue 1, class 3, ground ? xed, tambient=+40c 2 hours x 10 6 dynamic characteristics fixed switching frequency 295 325 355 khz startup time power on to vout regulated 10 50 ms startup time remote on to vout regulated 10 50 ms dynamic load response 50-75-50% load step, settling time to within 1% of vout 100 200 sec dynamic load di/dt 1 a/sec dynamic load peak deviation same as above 250 350 mv features and options remote on/off control ? "n" suf? x negative logic, on state on = ground pin or external voltage -0.7 0.7 v negative logic, off state off = pin open or external voltage 10 15 v control current 1ma "p" suf? x positive logic, on state on = pin open or external voltage 10 15 v positive logic, off state off = ground pin or external voltage -0.7 0.8 v control current 1ma uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 8 of 23 www.murata-ps.com output conditions ? ? minimum typical/nominal maximum units total output power see derating 0.0 25.2 25.45 w voltage nominal output voltage no trim 11.88 12.00 12.12 vdc setting accuracy at 50% load -1 +1 % of vset. output voltage range user-adjustable -10 +10 % of vnom. overvoltage protection via magnetic feedback 14 19 22 vdc current output current range 0.0 2.1 2.1 a minimum load ? no minimum load current limit inception 97% of vnom., after warmup 2.3 3 3.4 a short circuit short circuit current hiccup technique, autorecovery within 1.25% of vout 0.1 a short circuit duration (remove short for recovery) output shorted to ground, no damage continuous short circuit protection method current limiting regulation ? line regulation vin=min. to max., vout=nom., 50% load 0.075 % of vout load regulation iout=min. to max., vin=48v 0.05 % of vout ripple and noise 5 hz- 20 mhz bw 95 120 mv pk-pk temperature coef? cient at all outputs 0.02 % of vnom./c maximum capacitive loading (10% ceramic, 90% oscon) cap. esr=<0.02, full resistive load 0 470 f mechanical (through hole models) conditions ? minimum typical/nominal maximum units outline dimensions (no baseplate) c75 case 0.96x1.1x0.32 inches (please refer to outline drawing) wxlxh 24.38x27.94x8.13 mm weight 0.32 ounces 9.07 grams through hole pin diameter 0.04 inches 1.016 mm through hole pin material copper alloy th pin plating metal and thickness nickel subplate 50 -inches gold overplate 5 -inches environmental operating ambient temperature range with derating, 200 lfm -40 85 c storage temperature vin = zero (no power) -55 125 c thermal protection/shutdown measured at hotspot 130 135 150 c electromagnetic interference external ? lter is required conducted, en55022/cispr22 b class radiated, en55022/cispr22 b class relative humidity, non-condensing to +85c 10 90 %rh altitude must derate -1%/1000 feet -500 10,000 feet -152 3048 meters rohs rating rohs-6 functional specifications (cont.) C model uei25-120-d48 notes ? unless otherwise noted, all speci? cations are at nominal input voltage, nominal out- put voltage and full load. general conditions are +25? celsius ambient temperature, near sea level altitude, natural convection air? ow. all models are tested and speci? ed with external parallel 1 f and 10 f multi-layer ceramic output capacitors. the ex- ternal input capacitor is 4.7 f ceramic. all capacitors are low-esr types wired close to the converter. these capacitors are necessary for our test equipment and may not be needed in the user's application. ? input (back) ripple current is tested and speci? ed over 5 hz to 20 mhz bandwidth. input ? ltering is cbus=220 f, cin=33 f and lbus=12 h. ? all models are stable and regulate to speci? cation under no load. ? the remote on/off control is referred to -vin. ? regulation speci? cations describe the output voltage changes as the line voltage or load current is varied from its nominal or midpoint value to either extreme. uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 9 of 23 www.murata-ps.com mechanical specifications, open frame through-hole mount 0.32 max 8.1 0.41 [10.4] 0.30 [7.62] 0.400 10.16 typ 0.15 [3.8] 0.58 [14.7] side view mounting plane .040.002 pin diameter .071 .002 shoulder diameter 6x at pins 1-6 bottom view #5 #4 #3 c l c l c l #6 #2 #1 recommended pri-sec barrier 0.400 10.16 0.400 10.16 0.100 2.54 0.200 5.08 0.800 20.32 top view pin #1 1.10 27.9 0.96 24.4 end view 0.475 [12.07] ref 0.25 6.3 input/output connections pin function p85 1 positive vin 2 negative vin 3 positive vout 4 output trim 5 negative vout 6 on/off control* *the remote on/off can be provided with either positive (p suf? x) or nega- tive (n suf? x) polarity case 75 third angle projection dimensions are in inches (mm shown for ref. only). components are shown for reference only. tolerances (unless otherwise speci?ed): .xx 0.02 (0.5) .xxx 0.010 (0.25) angles 1? these converters are plug-compatible to competitive units. in case of pinout numbering inconsistency, follow the pin function, not the pin number when laying out your pc board. standard pin length is shown. please refer to the ordering guide for alternate pin lengths. section a-a depth pocket 9.5 [.38 in] 19.1 [.75 in] notes: material: dow 220 antistat ethafoam 1. (density: 34-35 kg/m3) dimensions: 252 x 252 x 19.1 mm 2. 6 x 5 array (30 per tray) 3. all dimensions in millimeters [inches] 4. tolerances unless otherwise speci?ed: +1/-0 typ typ r 28.4 177.8 [9.92] 252.0 typ 6.4 typ 6.4 6.4 typ 18.0 5x ref 38.1 22.9 190.5 ref 252.0 [9.92] 25.4 4x 44.5 a a 19.1 ref 252.0 ref 252.0 ref 9.5 deep ref uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 10 of 23 www.murata-ps.com shipping trays and boxes, through-hole mount shipping tray dimensions anti-static foam label label each tray is 6 x 5 units (30 units per tray) uei modules are supplied in a 30-piece (6 x 5) shipping tray. the tray is an anti-static closed-cell polyethylene foam. dimensi ons are shown below. uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 11 of 23 www.murata-ps.com mechanical specifications, surface mount (msl rating 2) top view 1.10 27.9 0.96 24.4 pin #1 side view mounting plane 0.093 [2.4] typ 0.41 [10.4] 0.30 [7.62] 0.400 10.16 typ 0.15 [3.8] 0.58 [14.7] bottom view #5 #4 #3 c l c l c l #6 #2 #1 recommended pri-sec barrier 0.400 10.16 0.400 10.16 0.100 2.54 0.200 5.08 0.800 20.32 end view 0.13 [3.3] ref 0.34 [8.64] max 0.093 [2.4] input/output connections pin function p85 1 positive vin 2 negative vin 3 positive vout 4 output trim 5 negative vout 6 on/off control* *the remote on/off can be provided with either positive (p suf? x) or nega- tive (n suf? x) polarity case 75 third angle projection dimensions are in inches (mm shown for ref. only). components are shown for reference only. tolerances (unless otherwise speci?ed): .xx 0.02 (0.5) .xxx 0.010 (0.25) angles 1? these converters are plug-compatible to competitive units. in case of pinout numbering inconsistency, follow the pin function, not the pin number when laying out your pc board. input/output connections pin function p85 1 positive vin 2 negative vin 3 positive vout 4 output trim 5 negative vout 6 on/off control* *the remote on/off can be provided with either positive (p suf? x) or nega- tive (n suf? x) polarity uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 12 of 23 www.murata-ps.com recommended smt pad layout surface mount tape and reel information (msl rating 2) note: the smt package has an msl 2 rating. 0.909 23.10 32.00 1.260 pitch 2.00 0.079 0.118 3.00 13.0 r.256 feed (unwind) direction 5.0mm nozzle pick & place location packaging conforms to eia-481 converters shipping in quantities of 100 per reel 2.20 56.0 cover tape 0.365 9.27 dimensions in inches [mm] input/output connections pin function p85 1 positive vin 2 negative vin 3 positive vout 4 output trim 5 negative vout 6 on/off control* *the remote on/off can be provided with either positive (p suf? x) or nega- tive (n suf? x) polarity [10.16] 0.400 0.400 [10.16] [2.54] 0.100 [2.54] [20.32] 0.800 .010 .102 0.25] [2.60 6x 0.100 1.00 [25.4] 1 2 6 4 5 3 1.14 [29.0] c l c l uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 13 of 23 www.murata-ps.com UEI25-033-D48 performance data on/off enable delay (vin=48, vout=nom, iout=7.5a, cload=0uf, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) trace 1= enable. trace 4=vout on/off enable delay (vin=48, vout=nom, iout=.7575ma, cload=0uf, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) trace 1= enable. trace 4=vout maximum current temperature derating @sea level (air? ow is from input to output) thermal image with "hot spot" at full load current with 63c ambient, air ? owing at minimal rate of 65 lfm. air is ? owing across the converter from +vo to -vo at 48v input. identi? able and recommended maximum value to be veri? ed in application. 5 6 7 8 30 3 5 40 4 5 5 0 5 5 60 65 7 0 7 5 80 85 a m a a b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e ( c ) 6 5 l f m 100 l f m 0 200 to 400 l f m = 7 5v vi n = o u t p u t cu rr e nt ( a ( ( m ps ) 65 to 400 l f m vin = 36v , 48v and 60v ef? ciency vs. line voltage and load current @ 25c 7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 57 62 67 72 77 82 87 92 0.2 0.7 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.7 7.2 7.7 vin = 36v vin = 48v vin = 60v vin = 75v load current (amps) ef?ciency (%) uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 14 of 23 www.murata-ps.com UEI25-033-D48 performance data, continued output ripple and noise (vin=48v, vout=nom., iout=.7575ma, cload= 1 ufb ceramic || 10uf tantalum, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) output ripple and noise (vin=48v, vout=nom., iout=7.5a, cload= 1 ufb ceramic || 10uf tantalum, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) on/off enable delay (vin=48, vout=nom, iout=7.5a, cload=2000uf, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) trace 1= enable. trace 4=vout step load transient response (vin=48v, vout=nom., iout=50-75-50% of full load, cload= 1 ufb ceramic || 10uf tantalum, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 15 of 23 www.murata-ps.com uei25-050-d48 performance data maximum current temperature derating @sea level (v in = 36v, 48v, 60v, and 75v, air? ow is from pin 1 to pin 3) power dissipation vs. load current @ 25c 4 .5 4 . 6 4 . 7 4 . 8 4 . 9 5 . 0 5 .1 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 a m a a b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e ( c) 6 5 to 400 l f m o u t p u t cu rr e nt ( a ( ( m ps ) 1. 0 1 . 4 1. 8 2 .2 2 . 6 3 . 0 3 .4 3 . 8 4 . 2 4 . 6 5 . 0 0 . 50 1 . 00 1 .5 0 2 . 00 2 . 50 3 . 00 3 .5 0 v in = 36 v v in = 48 v v in = 60 v vi n = 7 5v l o a d c urrent ( a ( ( m ps ) l o s s ( watts) ( ( ef? ciency vs. line voltage and load current @ 25c 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.0 vin = 36v vin = 48v vin = 60v vin = 75v load current (amps) ef?ciency (%) thermal image with "hot spot" at full load current with 80c ambient, air ? owing at minimal rate of 65 lfm. air is ? owing across the converter from +vo to -vo at 48v input. identi? able and recommended maximum value to be veri? ed in application. uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 16 of 23 www.murata-ps.com uei25-050-d48 performance data, continued on/off enable delay (vin=48v, vout=nom., iout=no load, cload=0 f, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) trace 1=enable, trace 4=vout on/off enable delay (vin=48v, vout=nom., iout=5a, cload=2000 f, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) trace 1=enable, trace 4=vout output ripple and noise (vin=48v, vout=nom., iout=no load, cload=1 f ceramic || 10f tantalum, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) on/off enable delay (vin=48v, vout=nom., iout=5a, cload=0 f, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) trace 1=enable, trace 4=vout step load transient response (vin=48v, vout=nom., iout=50-75-50% of full load, cload=1 f ceramic || 10f tantalum, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) output ripple and noise (vin=48v, vout=nom., iout=5a, cload=1 f ceramic || 10f tantalum, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 17 of 23 www.murata-ps.com uei25-120-d48 performance data maximum current temperature derating @sea level (v in = 48v, air? ow is from pin 1 to pin 3) maximum current temperature derating @sea level (v in = 36v, air? ow is from pin 1 to pin 3) power dissipation vs. load current @ 25c 6 5 7 0 75 80 8 5 2 2.025 2 . 05 2 . 0 75 2.1 2.125 2 . 15 2 . 1 75 2.2 a m a a b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e ( c ) 65 l f m 100 l f m 200 l f m o u t p u t c urrent ( a ( ( m ps ) 65 70 75 80 85 2 2 . 02 5 2 . 05 2. 0 7 5 2. 1 2 . 12 5 2 . 15 2.17 5 2 . 2 a m a a b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e (c) 65 l f m 100 l f m 200 l f m o u t p u t c urrent ( a ( ( mps ) 65 7 0 75 80 85 1 . 9 1. 95 2 . 05 2. 0 2. 1 2 .1 5 2 . 2 2 .2 5 a m a a b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e ( c) 65 l f m 100 l f m 200 l f m 300 l f m o u t p u t current ( a ( ( m ps ) 0 .4 0 . 6 0 . 8 0 . 9 1 .1 1. 3 1.4 1. 6 1 . 8 1. 9 2 .1 0 . 46 0 . 96 1 . 46 1 . 96 2 . 46 2 . 96 3 .4 6 3 . 96 4 . 46 vi n = 36v vi n = 4 8v vi n = 60v v in = 7 5v l o a d c urrent ( a ( ( m ps ) l o s s ( watts) ( ( ef? ciency vs. line voltage and load current @ 25c 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.1 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 vin = 36v vin = 48v vin = 60v vin = 75v load current (amps) ef?ciency (%) maximum current temperature derating @sea level (v in = 60v, air? ow is from pin 1 to pin 3) thermal image with "hot spot" at full load current with 65c ambient, air ? owing at minimal rate of 65 lfm. air is ? owing across the converter from +vo to -vo at 48v input. identi? able and recommended maximum value to be veri? ed in application. uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 18 of 23 www.murata-ps.com uei25-120-d48 performance data, continued on/off enable delay (vin=48, vout=nom, iout=0a, cload=0uf, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) trace 1= enable. trace 4=vout on/off enable delay (vin=48, vout=nom, iout=2.1a, cload=2000uf, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) trace 1= enable. trace 4=vout output ripple and noise (vin=48v, iout = 2.1a, cout = 1&10f, ta = +25c, scope bw = 20mhz) on/off enable delay (vin=48, vout=nom, iout=2.1a, cload=0uf, ta=+25c., scopebw=20mhz) trace 1= enable. trace 4=vout stepload transient response (vin = 48v, iout = 25-75-25% of imax, cout = 1&10f, ta = +25c, scope bw = 20mhz) maximum current temperature derating @sea level (v in = 75v, air? ow is from pin 1 to pin 3) 65 7 0 75 80 85 1 . 9 1 .95 2 .05 2.1 2 . 1 5 2. 2 a m a a b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e ( c) 65 l f m 1 00 l f m 200 l f m 300 l f m o u t p u t cu rr e nt ( a ( ( m ps ) uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 19 of 23 www.murata-ps.com input fusing certain applications and/or safety agencies may require fuses at the inputs of power conversion components. fuses should also be used when there is the possibility of sustained input voltage reversal which is not current-limited. for greatest safety, we recommend a fast blow fuse installed in the ungrounded input supply line. the installer must observe all relevant safety standards and regulations. for safety agency approvals, install the converter in compliance with the end-user safety standard. input reverse-polarity protection if the input voltage polarity is reversed, an internal diode will become forward biased and likely draw excessive current from the power source. if this source is not current-limited or the circuit appropriately fused, it could cause perma- nent damage to the converter. input under-voltage shutdown and start-up threshold under normal start-up conditions, converters will not begin to regulate properly until the rising input voltage exceeds and remains at the start-up threshold voltage (see speci? cations). once operating, converters will not turn off until the input voltage drops below the under-voltage shutdown limit. subsequent restart will not occur until the input voltage rises again above the start-up threshold. this built-in hysteresis prevents any unstable on/off operation at a single input voltage. users should be aware however of input sources near the under-voltage shutdown whose voltage decays as input current is consumed (such as capacitor inputs), the converter shuts off and then restarts as the external capacitor re- charges. such situations could oscillate. to prevent this, make sure the operating input voltage is well above the uv shutdown voltage at all times. start-up delay assuming that the output current is set at the rated maximum, the vin to vout start- up delay (see speci? cations) is the time interval between the point when the rising input voltage crosses the start-up threshold and the fully loaded regulated output voltage enters and remains within its speci? ed regulation band. actual measured times will vary with input source impedance, external input capacitance, input volt- age slew rate and ? nal value of the input voltage as it appears at the converter. these converters include a soft start circuit to moderate the duty cycle of the pwm controller at power up, thereby limiting the input inrush current. the on/off remote control interval from inception to v out regulated as- sumes that the converter already has its input voltage stabilized above the start-up threshold before the on command. the interval is measured from the on command until the output enters and remains within its speci? ed regulation band. the speci? cation assumes that the output is fully loaded at maximum rated current. input source impedance these converters will operate to speci? cations without external components, assuming that the source voltage has very low impedance and reasonable in- put voltage regulation. since real-world voltage sources have ? nite impedance, performance is improved by adding external ? lter components. sometimes only a small ceramic capacitor is suf? cient. since it is dif? cult to totally characterize technical notes all applications, some experimentation may be needed. note that external input capacitors must accept high speed switching currents. because of the switching nature of dc/dc converters, the input of these converters must be driven from a source with both low ac impedance and adequate dc input regulation. performance will degrade with increasing input inductance. excessive input inductance may inhibit operation. the dc input regulation speci? es that the input voltage, once operating, must never degrade below the shut-down threshold under all load conditions. be sure to use adequate trace sizes and mount components close to the converter. i/o filtering, input ripple current and output noise all models in this converter series are tested and speci? ed for input re? ected ripple current and output noise using designated external input/output compo- nents, circuits and layout as shown in the ? gures below. external input capaci- tors (c in in the ? gure) serve primarily as energy storage elements, minimizing line voltage variations caused by transient ir drops in the input conductors. users should select input capacitors for bulk capacitance (at appropriate frequencies), low esr and high rms ripple current ratings. in the ? gure below, the c bus and l bus components simulate a typical dc voltage bus. your speci? c system con? guration may require additional considerations. please note that the values of c in , l bus and c bus may vary according to the speci? c converter model. in critical applications, output ripple and noise (also referred to as periodic and random deviations or pard) may be reduced by adding ? lter elements such as multiple external capacitors. be sure to calculate component tempera- ture rise from re? ected ac current dissipated inside capacitor esr. in ? gure 3, the two copper strips simulate real-world printed circuit impedances between the power supply and its load. in order to minimize circuit errors and standard- ize tests between units, scope measurements should be made using bnc connectors or the probe ground should not exceed one half inch and soldered directly to the ? xture. floating outputs since these are isolated dc/dc converters, their outputs are ? oating with respect to their input. the essential feature of such isolation is ideal zero current flow between input and output. real-world converters however do exhibit tiny leakage currents between input and output (see speci? cations). these leakages consist of both an ac stray capacitance coupling component and a dc leakage resistance. when using the isolation feature, do not allow the isolation voltage to exceed speci? cations. otherwise the converter may be damaged. designers will normally use the negative output (-output) as c in v in c bus l bus c in = 33f, esr < 700m @ 100khz c bus = 220f, esr < 100m @ 100khz l bus = 12h 1 2 +input ?input current probe to oscilloscope + C + C figure 2. measuring input ripple current uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 20 of 23 www.murata-ps.com the ground return of the load circuit. you can however use the positive output (+output) as the ground return to effectively reverse the output polarity. minimum output loading requirements these converters employ a synchronous recti? er design topology. all models regulate within speci? cation and are stable from 0% load to full load conditions, unless otherwise speci? ed. operation under no load will not damage the con- verter but might, however, slightly increase regulation, output ripple, and noise. thermal shutdown to protect against thermal over-stress, these converters include thermal shut- down circuitry. if environmental conditions cause the temperature of the dc/ dcs to rise above the operating temperature range up to the shutdown tem- perature, an on-board electronic temperature sensor will power down the unit. when the temperature decreases below the turn-on threshold, the converter will automatically restart. there is a small amount of hysteresis to prevent rapid on/off cycling. caution: if you operate too close to the thermal limits, the converter may shut down suddenly without warning. be sure to thoroughly test your application to avoid unplanned thermal shutdown. temperature derating curves the graphs in the performance data section illustrate typical operation under a variety of conditions. the derating curves show the maximum continuous ambient air temperature and decreasing maximum output current which is acceptable under increasing forced air? ow measured in linear feet per minute (lfm). note that these are average measurements. the converter will accept brief increases in tem- perature and/or current or reduced air? ow as long as the average is not exceeded. note that the temperatures are of the ambient air? ow, not the converter it- self which is obviously running at higher temperature than the outside air. also note that natural convection is de? ned as very low ? ow rates which are not using fan-forced air? ow. depending on the application, natural convection is usually about 30-65 lfm but is not equal to still air (0 lfm). murata power solutions makes characterization measurements in a closed cycle wind tunnel with calibrated air? ow. we use both thermocouples and an infrared camera system to observe thermal performance. as a practical matter, it is quite dif? cult to insert an anemometer to precisely measure air? ow in most applications. sometimes it is possible to estimate the effective air? ow if you thoroughly understand the enclosure geometry, entry/exit ori? ce areas and the fan ? owrate speci? cations. caution: if you exceed these derating guidelines, the converter may have an unplanned over temperature shut down. also, these graphs are all collected near sea level altitude. be sure to reduce the derating for higher altitude. output overvoltage protection (ovp) this converter monitors its output voltage for an over-voltage condition using an on-board electronic comparator. the signal is optically coupled to the pri- mary side pwm controller. if the output exceeds ovp limits, the sensing circuit will power down the unit, and the output voltage will decrease. after a time-out period, the pwm will automatically attempt to restart, causing the output volt- age to ramp up to its rated value. it is not necessary to power down and reset the converter for this automatic ovp-recovery restart. if the fault condition persists and the output voltage climbs to excessive levels, the ovp circuitry will initiate another shutdown cycle. this on/off cycling is referred to as hiccup mode. output fusing the converter is extensively protected against current, voltage and temperature extremes. however, your application circuit may need additional protection. in the extremely unlikely event of output circuit failure, excessive voltage could be applied to your circuit. consider using an appropriate external protection. output current limiting as soon as the output current increases to approximately its overcurrent limit, the dc/dc converter will enter a current-limiting mode. the output voltage will decrease proportionally with increases in output current, thereby maintaining a somewhat constant power output. this is commonly referred to as power limiting. current limiting inception is de? ned as the point at which full power falls below the rated tolerance. see the performance/functional speci? cations. note particularly that the output current may brie? y rise above its rated value. this enhances reliability and continued operation of your application. if the output current is too high, the converter will enter the short circuit condition. output short circuit condition when a converter is in current-limit mode, the output voltage will drop as the output current demand increases. if the output voltage drops too low, the magnetically coupled voltage used to develop pwm bias voltage will also drop, thereby shutting down the pwm controller. following a time-out period, the pwm will restart, causing the output voltage to begin rising to its appropriate value. if the short-circuit condition persists, another shutdown cycle will initi- ate. this on/off cycling is called hiccup mode. the hiccup cycling reduces the average output current, thereby preventing excessive internal temperatures. trimming the output voltage the trim input to the converter allows the user to adjust the output voltage over the rated trim range (please refer to the speci? cations). in the trim equations and circuit diagrams that follow, trim adjustments use a single ? xed resistor connected between the trim input and either vout pin. trimming resistors should have a low temperature coef? cient (100 ppm/c or less) and be mounted close to the converter. keep leads short. if the trim function is not used, leave the trim unconnected. with no trim, the converter will exhibit its speci? ed output voltage accuracy. there are two cautions to observe for the trim input: figure 3. measuring output ripple and noise (pard) c1 c1 = 1f ceramic c2 = 10f low es load 2-3 inches (51-76mm) from module c2 r load copper strip copper strip scope +output ?output uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 21 of 23 www.murata-ps.com caution: to avoid unplanned power down cycles, do not exceed either the maximum output voltage or the maximum output power when setting the trim. if the output voltage is excessive, the ovp circuit may inadvertantly shut down the converter. if the maximum power is exceeded, the converter may enter current limiting. if the power is exceeded for an extended period, the converter may overheat and encounter overtemperature shut down. caution: be careful of external electrical noise. the trim input is a senstive input to the converters feedback control loop. excessive electrical noise may cause instability or oscillation. keep external connections short to the trim input. use shielding if needed. trim equations trim up trim down uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 22 of 23 www.murata-ps.com emissions performance murata power solutions measures its products for radio frequency emissions against the en 55022 and cispr 22 standards. passive resistance loads are employed and the output is set to the maximum voltage. if you set up your own emissions testing, make sure the output load is rated at continuous power while doing the tests. the recommended external input and output capacitors (if required) are included. please refer to the fundamental switching frequency. all of this information is listed in the product speci? cations. an external discrete ? lter is installed and the circuit diagram is shown below. [1] conducted emissions parts list [2] conducted emissions test equipment used rohde & schwarz emi test receiver (9khz C 1000mhz) espc rohde & schwarz software espc-1 ver. 2.20 ohmite 25w C 1 ohm resistor combinations dc source programmable dc power supply model 62012p-100-50 [3] conducted emissions test results [4] layout recommendations most applications can use the ? ltering which is already installed inside the converter or with the addition of the recommended external capacitors. for greater emissions suppression, consider additional ? lter components and/or shielding. emissions performance will depend on the users pc board layout, the chassis shielding environment and choice of external components. please refer to application note for further discussion. since many factors affect both the amplitude and spectra of emissions, we recommend using an engineer who is experienced at emissions suppression. reference part number description vendor l1 pe-62913 1mh, 6a pulse l2 nc 4.7uh, 3.6a murata c1, c2 vz series electrolytic capacitor 22ufd, 100v panasonic c3 vz series qty 2 - electrolytic capacitor 22ufd, 100v panasonic c4, c5 unknown 3.3nf, 1500v unknown c6 vz series electrolytic capacitor 22ufd, 100v panasonic dc source test card uut v+ v- vin- vout- vin+ resistive load inside a metal container vout+ black c1 l1 c2 l2 c3 c6 c4 c5 resistive load figure 7. conducted emissions test circuit graph 1. conducted emissions performance with ? lter, negative line, cispr 22, class b, full load, for UEI25-033-D48pm-c dbv 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 mhz 30.0 0.15 1.0 10.0 qp av graph 3. conducted emissions performance without ? lter, negative line, cispr 22, class b, full load, for uei25-050-d48nm-c dbv 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 mhz 30.0 0.15 1.0 10.0 qp average graph 2. conducted emissions performance with ? lter, negative line, cispr 22, class b, full load, for uei25-050-d48nm-c dbv 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 mhz 30.0 0.15 1.0 10.0 qp av graph 4. conducted emissions performance with ? lter, negative line, cispr 22, class b, full load, for uei25-120-d48p-c dbv 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 mhz 30.0 0.15 1.0 10.0 qp av uei25 series single output isolated 25-watt dc/dc converters mdc_uei25w.b03 page 23 of 23 murata power solutions, inc. makes no representation that the use of its products in the circuits described herein, or the use of other technical information contained herein, will not infringe upon existing or future patent rights. the descriptions contained her ein do not imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment constructed in accordance therewith. speci? cations are subject to cha nge without notice. ? 2011 murata power solutions, inc. www.murata-ps.com/support murata power solutions, inc. 11 cabot boulevard, mans? eld, ma 02048-1151 u.s.a. iso 9001 and 14001 registered , 6 ? ` i ? > ? i > , / > ? ? ? > i ? ? ? ? v > ? ? ? ` ? 6 > ? > l ? i ? ? i i ` v > ? i > ? ? } i ? i ? i ? ? l ? i ? i ? ? i > ? i ? i ? ? ? ? v ? ? v ? ? ? ? ? > ? * i v ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? > i > ? i ? ? ? i i ? ? l i ? ? 1 1 / 1 ? ? ? ? ` i i ? - 1 1 / ? vertical wind tunnel murata power solutions employs a custom-designed enclosed vertical wind tunnel, infrared video camera system and test instrumentation for accurate air? ow and heat dissipation analysis of power products. the system includes a precision low ? ow-rate anemometer, variable speed fan, power supply input and load controls, temperature gauges and adjustable heating element. the ir camera can watch thermal characteristics of the unit under test (uut) with both dynamic loads and static steady- state conditions. a special optical port is used which is transpar- ent to infrared wavelengths. the computer ? les from the ir camera can be studied for later analysis. both through-hole and surface mount converters are soldered down to a host carrier board for realistic heat absorption and spreading. both longitudinal and transverse air? ow studies are possible by rotation of this carrier board since there are often signi? cant differences in the heat dissipation in the two air? ow directions. the combination of both adjustable air? ow, adjustable ambient heat and adjustable input/output currents and voltages mean that a very wide range of measurement conditions can be studied. the air? ow collimator mixes the heat from the heating ele- ment to make uniform temperature distribution. the collimator also reduces the amount of turbulence adjacent to the uut by restoring laminar air? ow. such turbulence can change the effec- tive heat transfer characteristics and give false readings. excess turbulence removes more heat from some surfaces and less heat from others, possibly causing uneven overheating. both sides of the uut are studied since there are different thermal gradi- ents on each side. the adjustable heating element and fan, built-in tempera- ture gauges and no-contact ir camera mean that power supplies are tested in real-world conditions. figure 7. vertical wind tunnel |
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